What Causes Suicidal Thoughts?
Causes for suicidal ideation may range from the person’s state of mental well-being to traumatic or life-altering events. A challenging life event can cause a mixture of thoughts and emotions in someone, even thoughts about suicide. These occur when the person feels hopeless or unable to cope with their current situation.
- Having attempted suicide in the past
- Having experienced childhood abuse or trauma
- Life-altering events taking place, like a loved one passing away or losing a job
- Having a mental health disorder
- Feeling hopeless, isolated, or lonely
- Having a feeling of loneliness or seclusion
- Experiencing legal problems or debt
- Having a chronic physical illness like cancer, diabetes, or a terminal disease
- Being under the influence of drugs or alcohol
- Having a family history of suicide
- Having a drug or alcohol use disorder
- Having experienced childhood abuse or trauma
How Can I Stop Suicidal Thoughts?
Suicidal thoughts can feel like they’ll never end, but most people who experience them describe intense waves that rise, peak, and pass. That’s why the first goal is not to fix everything at once but to get through the next hour safely without acting on suicidal thoughts or feelings.
Mental health organizations that specialize in suicide prevention consistently recommend a few steps to ride out the thoughts:
- Tell one person what you are going through, whether that is a friend, a family member, a therapist, or a crisis counselor, because saying it out loud reduces the pressure of carrying it alone.
- Make a promise to yourself to delay any decision or action for 24 hours, or even just 10 minutes at a time, and keep repeating that delay.
- Ask someone you trust to help make your home safer so acting on a thought is harder in a moment of crisis.
- Avoid alcohol and drugs, which lower impulse control and deepen depressive symptoms.
- Stay around other people if you can, and take care of your own needs by staying hydrated, eating, sleeping enough, and taking a walk outside. Do a relaxing activity you enjoy or can feel comfortable doing to occupy your mind and keep your body distracted while the wave passes.
Longer term, the thoughts tend to ease when the mental health or behavioral health challenges underneath them get treated. Diagnosis the root cause of suicidal ideation (especially when it’s chronic or recurring) usually requires clinical assessment and treatment, because suicidal thinking is often driven by depression, trauma, or substance use that responds well to treatment once it is identified and addressed together.
How Can I Help Someone With Suicidal Thoughts?
It is vital for someone with suicidal thoughts to have a strong support network in their lives, whether that is their friends or family. A person’s support network can make a difference in their lives for the better. If you know someone who may be struggling with suicidal ideation, here are some things to keep in mind as you help them overcome these strong feelings and emotions.
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Be an active listener: Empathize and validate
- Don’t minimize the problem or tell them how to feel. Let them know their feelings are valid and empathize with them. You can say things like “That sounds very frustrating” or “I can see why you feel that way.” Avoid telling the person how to feel or change their mindset. They need love and support, not instruction or advice.
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Identify triggers and coping mechanisms
- Ask what is making them feel the way that they are so that you know how to communicate in a way that isn’t challenging for them. Avoid bringing up the topic that may trigger their thoughts or anxiety. If they can’t pinpoint the exact cause of their feelings, that is okay. Identifying coping tools for them to utilize will make all the difference. If they like to go on walks to clear their head, do it with them. If they feel better doing breathing exercises or meditating, be there with them and support them in it. Coping tools are stepping stones for overcoming difficulties in mental health.
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Offer material support
- Even the smallest favors for this person can have a meaningful, lasting impact. Offer to drive them to doctor’s appointments and be with them. Offer to take them out to lunch. Though they may insist that they feel a burden to you, reassure them that it means a lot to you if they let you help them in any way you can.
Showing support to someone experiencing suicidal ideation is imperative to fully assist them in the healing process from negative thoughts and feelings. The stronger their support network, the more they will feel loved and important to others.
What are the Treatment Options for Suicidal Ideation?
Getting the right treatment for suicide ideation may vary depending on how severe the suicidal thoughts are, how often someone gets them, and how long the suicidal thoughts last. A suicidal ideation scale may be used as a clinical tool to assess someone’s risk of committing suicide. This scale includes questions about a person’s thoughts, attitudes, and desire to commit suicide. Treatments for suicidal ideation normally consist of the following.
- Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, during which you work with a therapist to explore why you’re feeling suicidal and how to cope.
- Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), the most studied approach for chronic suicidal thinking, which builds distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal skills you can use in the moment a wave hits.
- EMDR and trauma-informed care, for the past experiences that often sit underneath suicidal thoughts.
- Family therapy and education. Involving loved ones in treatment can help them better understand what you’re going through, learn the warning signs, and better establish support systems
- Substance use disorder treatment. If the person is experiencing an increase in alcohol or drug use, being treated for substance abuse is highly recommended.
- Medication. Severe depression could be causing suicidal ideation since suicidal thoughts are directly connected to your mental health. Doctors may prescribe meds to help someone’s mental condition. This may include antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications.
- Lifestyle changes include getting better sleep, learning how to manage emotions and stress, getting good exercise, and developing a proper support network.